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|children = 3 |profession = Military officer |alma_mater = Hebrew University of Jerusalem Tel Aviv University |allegiance = |branch = 25px Haganah Israel Defense Forces |rank= Aluf (Major general) |serviceyears = 1948–74 |commands = Southern Command Paratroopers Brigade Unit 101 Golani Brigade |unit = Paratroopers Brigade Unit 101 Golani Brigade |battles = Israeli Independence War Suez Crisis Six-Day War Yom Kippur War |party = Liberal Party (1973-1974) Likud (1977–2005) Kadima (2005–2006) |otherparty = Shlomtzion (1977) |religion = Jewish agnosticism〔(Thousands say farewell to Israel's Ariel Sharon ) by Michele Chabin, Special for USA TODAY, January 12, 2014〕 |signature = Ariel Sharon signature.svg |footnotes = *Ehud Olmert serving as Acting Prime Minister from January 4, 2006}} Ariel Sharon ((ヘブライ語:אריאל שרון); , ', also known by his diminutive Arik, , born Ariel Scheinermann, ; February 26, 1928 – January 11, 2014) was an Israeli politician and general who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Israel until he was incapacitated by a stroke. Sharon was a commander in the Israeli Army from its creation in 1948. As a soldier and then an officer, he participated prominently in the 1948 War of Independence, becoming a platoon commander in the Alexandroni Brigade and taking part in many battles, including Operation Ben Nun Alef. He was an instrumental figure in the creation of Unit 101 and the Reprisal operations, as well as in the 1956 Suez Crisis, the Six-Day War of 1967, the War of Attrition, and the Yom-Kippur War of 1973. As Minister of Defense, he directed the 1982 Lebanon War. Sharon was considered the greatest field commander in Israel's history, and one of the country's greatest military strategists.〔"Israel's Man of War", Michael Kramer, ''New York'', pages 19–24, August 9, 1982〕 After his assault of the Sinai in the Six-Day War and his encirclement of the Egyptian Third Army in the Yom Kippur War, the Israeli public nicknamed him "The King of Israel". Upon retirement from the military, Sharon entered politics, joining the Likud, and served in a number of ministerial posts in Likud-led governments in 1977–92 and 1996–99. He became the leader of the Likud in 2000, and served as Israel's prime minister from 2001 to 2006. In 1983 the Kahan Commission, established by the Israeli Government, found that as Minister of Defense during the 1982 Lebanon War Sharon bore "personal responsibility" "for ignoring the danger of bloodshed and revenge" in the massacre of Palestinian civilians by Lebanese militias in the refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila.〔 The Kahan Commission recommended Sharon's removal as Defense Minister, and Sharon did resign after initially refusing to do so. From the 1970s through to the 1990s, Sharon championed construction of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. However, as Prime Minister, in 2004–05 Sharon orchestrated Israel's unilateral disengagement from the Gaza Strip. Facing stiff opposition to this policy within the Likud, in November 2005 he left Likud to form a new party, Kadima. He had been expected to win the next election and was widely interpreted as planning on "clearing Israel out of most of the West Bank", in a series of unilateral withdrawals. After suffering a stroke on January 4, 2006, Sharon remained in a permanent vegetative state until his death in January 2014. ==Early life== Sharon was born on February 26, 1928 in Kfar Malal, an agricultural moshav, then in the British Mandate of Palestine, to Shmuel Scheinerman (1896–1956) of Brest-Litovsk and Vera (née Schneirov) Scheinerman (1900–1988) of Mogilev. His parents met while at university in Tiflis (now Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia), where Sharon's father was studying agronomy and his mother was studying medicine. His mother, Vera, was from a family of Russian Subbotnik Jewish origin. They immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1922 in the wake of the Russian Communist government's growing persecution of Jews in the region.〔(Ariel Sharon, Samuel Willard Crompton and Richard Worth )〕 The family arrived with the Third Aliyah and settled in Kfar Malal, a socialist, secular community. (Ariel Sharon himself would remain proudly secular throughout his life.〔) Although his parents were Mapai supporters, they did not always accept communal consensus: "The Scheinermans' eventual ostracism ... followed the 1933 Arlozorov murder when Dvora and Shmuel refused to endorse the Labor movement's anti-Revisionist calumny and participate in Bolshevic-style public revilement rallies, then the order of the day. Retribution was quick to come. They were expelled from the local health-fund clinic and village synagogue. The cooperative's truck wouldn't make deliveries to their farm nor collect produce." Sharon grew up to be bilingual in both Hebrew and Russian languages.〔(ШАРОН ВЕРНУЛСЯ В БЕЛАРУСЬ ) Сен 17, 2014〕 Four years after their arrival at Kfar Malal, the Sheinermans had a daughter, Yehudit (Dita). Ariel was born two years later. At age 10, he joined the youth movement HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed. As a teenager, he began to take part in the armed night-patrols of his moshav. In 1942 at the age of 14, Sharon joined the Gadna, a paramilitary youth battalion, and later the Haganah, the underground paramilitary force and the Jewish military precursor to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ariel Sharon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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